Kasan Insight :: 과학, 기술 그리고 법

- 제약/화학/바이오 분야의 실용적 법률정보와 해결방안

21. CONFIDENTIALITY. 

21.1 Definition. Hospira and CyDex each recognizes that, during the Term, it may be necessary for a party (the “Disclosing Party”) to provide Confidential Information (as defined herein) to the other party (the “Receiving Party”) that is highly valuable, the disclosure of which would be highly prejudicial to such party. The disclosure and use of Confidential Information will be governed by the provisions of this Section 7. Neither Hospira nor CyDex shall use the other’s Confidential Information except as expressly permitted in this Agreement. For purposes of this Agreement, “Confidential Information” means all information disclosed by the Disclosing Party to the Receiving Party in any form whatsoever, including but not limited to product specifications, data, know-how, formulations, product concepts, sample materials, business and technical information, financial data, batch records, trade secrets, processes, techniques, algorithms, programs, designs, drawings, and any other information related to a party’s present or future products, sales, suppliers, customers, employees, investors or business. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, CyDex’s Confidential Information includes all materials provided as part of the Captisol Data Package.

21.2 Obligation. CyDex and Hospira agree that they will disclose the other’s Confidential Information to its (or its respective Affiliates’) own officers, employees, consultants and agents only if and to the extent reasonably necessary to carry out their respective responsibilities under this Agreement or in accordance with the exercise of their rights under this Agreement, and such disclosure shall be limited to the extent reasonably possible consistent with such responsibilities and rights. Except as provided in the previous sentence, neither party shall disclose Confidential Information of the other to any Third Party without the other’s prior written consent. Any disclosure to a Third Party shall be pursuant to the terms of a non-disclosure agreement substantially similar to the requirements of this Section 7. The party which disclosed Confidential Information of the other to any Third Party shall be responsible and liable for any disclosure or use by such Third Party (or its disclosees) which would have violated this Agreement if committed by the party itself. Neither party shall use Confidential Information of the other except as expressly allowed by and for the purposes of this Agreement. Each party shall take such action to preserve the confidentiality of each other’s Confidential Information as it would customarily take to preserve the confidentiality of its own Confidential Information (but in no event less than a reasonable standard of care). Unless otherwise specified in this Agreement and subject to terms and conditions in this Agreement, if so requested by the other party a party shall promptly return all relevant records and materials in its possession or control containing or embodying the other party’s Confidential Information (including all copies and extracts of documents); provided, however, that each party may retain one archival copy (and such electronic copies that exist as part of the party’s computer systems, network storage systems and electronic backup systems) of such records and materials solely to be able to monitor its obligations that survive under this Agreement.

21.3 Exceptions. The use and non-disclosure obligations set forth in this Section 7 shall not apply to any Confidential Information, or portion thereof, that the Receiving Party can demonstrate by appropriate documentation:

(a) at the time of disclosure is in the public domain;

(b) after disclosure, becomes part of the public domain, by publication or otherwise, through no fault of the Receiving Party or its disclosees;

(c) is independently developed by Receiving Party personnel with no reference or access to the Confidential Information; or

(d) is made available to the Receiving Party by an independent third party without obligation of confidentiality, provided, however, that to the Receiving Party’s knowledge, such information was not obtained by said third party, directly or indirectly, from the Disclosing Party hereunder.

In addition, the Receiving Party may disclose information to a court or ADR forum in the process of seeking to enforce through such court or ADR forum its own rights under this Agreement, and also may disclose information that is required to be disclosed by law, by a valid order of a court or by order or regulation of a governmental agency including but not limited to, regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or in the course of litigation, provided that in all cases the Receiving Party shall give the other party prompt notice of the pending disclosure and make a reasonable effort to obtain, or to assist the Disclosing Party in obtaining, a protective order or confidential-treatment order preventing or limiting (to the greatest possible extent and for the longest possible period) the disclosure and/or requiring that the Confidential Information so disclosed be used only for the purposes for which the law or regulation required, or for which the order was issued.

21.4 Injunction. Each party agrees that should it breach or threaten to breach any provisions of this Section 7, the Disclosing Party will suffer irreparable damages and its remedy at law will be inadequate. Upon any breach or threatened breach by the Receiving Party of this Section 7, the Disclosing Party shall be entitled to seek from any court of competent jurisdiction temporary, preliminary and/or permanent injunctive relief in addition to any other remedy which it may have, without need to post any bond or security, in addition to any and all other legal and equitable rights and remedies available to the Disclosing Party.

21.5 Public Announcements. If a press release is required by law or the applicable rules of a national securities exchange to be issued upon execution of this Agreement or reasonably soon thereafter, the parties will mutually agree on such a press release. Neither party shall make any subsequent public announcement concerning this Agreement or the terms hereof not previously made public without the prior written approval of the other party with regard to the form, content, and precise timing of such announcement, except as may be required to be made by either party in order to comply with applicable law, regulations, court orders, or tax or securities filings. Such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed by such other party. Before any such public announcement, the party wishing to make the announcement will submit a draft of the proposed announcement to the other party in sufficient time to enable such other party to consider and comment thereon. The parties agree that a party may disclose this Agreement’s existence and terms, and material developments or material information generated under this Agreement, in (i) securities filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (or equivalent foreign agency) to the extent required by law, or (ii) under conditions of confidentiality/nonuse in connection with investment and similar corporate transactions. Notwithstanding the above, once a public announcement has been made, either party shall be free to disclose to third parties any information contained in said public announcement.

KASAN_국제계약서 중 비밀보호계약, 비밀유지약정, NDA, CDA 조항 – 비밀정보 범위, 적용 배제대상, 비밀유지 의무, 위반시 조치 등 계약조항 샘플.pdf

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26.1 Relationship of Parties. Each of the parties hereto is an independent contractor and nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be deemed to constitute a partnership, agency, employer-employee or joint venture relationship between the parties. No party shall have the right to, and each party agrees not to purport to, incur any debts or make any commitments or contracts for the other.

26.2 Compliance with Law. Each of the parties shall comply with all applicable international, federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, import/export restrictions, laws, rules and regulations governing product quality and safety and patent, copyright and trade secret protection.

26.3 Arbitration.

(a) Procedure. The parties recognize that bona fide disputes may arise which relate to the parties’ rights and obligations under this Agreement. The parties agree that except as provided in Section 7.4, any such dispute shall be resolved by alternative dispute resolution in accordance with the procedure set forth in Exhibit F.

(b) Confidentiality of Proceedings. All arbitration proceedings hereunder shall be confidential and the arbitrator(s) shall issue appropriate protective orders to safeguard each party’s Confidential Information. Except as required by law, no party shall make (or instruct the arbitrator(s) to make) any public announcement with respect to the proceedings or decision of the arbitrator(s) without prior written consent of the other party.

(c) Binding Effect. The provisions of this Section 12.3 shall survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement, and shall be severable and binding on the parties hereto, notwithstanding that any other provision of this Agreement may be held or declared to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable.

26.4 Force Majeure. Neither party shall be liable for failure to perform, or delay in the performance of, its obligations under this Agreement (other than payment obligations) when such failure or delay is caused by an event of force majeure. For purposes of this Agreement, an event of force majeure means any event or circumstance beyond the reasonable control of the affected party, including but not limited to, war, insurrection, riot, fire, flood or other unusual weather condition, explosion, act of God, peril of the sea, strike, lockout or other industrial disturbance, sabotage, embargo, act of governmental authority, compliance with governmental order or national defense requirements, or inability to obtain fuel, power, raw materials, labor or transportation facilities. A failure of supply by CyDex’s supplier shall only be deemed an event of force majeure affecting CyDex if caused by a force majeure event affecting such supplier. If, due to any event of force majeure, either party shall be unable to fulfill its obligations under this Agreement (other than payment obligations), the affected party shall immediately notify the other party of such inability and of the period during which such inability is expected to continue and the time for performance [*].

26.6 Notices. Any notice, request, or communication under this Agreement shall be effective only if it is in writing and personally delivered; sent by certified mail, postage pre-paid; facsimile with receipt confirmed; or by nationally recognized overnight courier with signature required, addressed to the parties at the addresses stated below or such other persons and/or addresses as shall be furnished in writing by any party in accordance with this Section 12.6. Unless otherwise provided, all notices shall be sent:

12.8 Use of Name; Publicity. No party shall use the name, trademark, trade name or logo of the other party, its Affiliates or their respective employee(s) in any publicity, promotion, news release or public disclosure relating to this Agreement or its subject matter, without the prior express written permission of the other party, except as may be required by law or the rules of NASDAQ or the New York Stock Exchange. In the event of a required public announcement, the party making such announcement shall provide the other party with a copy of the proposed text before such announcement sufficiently in advance of the scheduled release of such announcement to afford such other party a reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon the proposed text and the timing of such disclosure.

12.9 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York (without giving effect to any conflicts of law principles that require the application of the law of a different state). The United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods is hereby expressly excluded.

12.10 Entire Agreement; Amendment. This Agreement, together with the Quality Agreement, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersedes any and all prior or contemporaneous agreements, written or oral, between CyDex (and/or any of its Affiliates) and Hospira (and/or any of its Affiliates) relating to the subject matter hereof and thereof; provided, that any confidentiality/nonuse provisions of any prior agreement are not superseded and will remain in effect solely with respect to information provided under the terms of such prior agreement that is not subsequently provided to a Party under the terms of this Agreement. If the Quality Agreement contains terms or conditions inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement, the terms of the Quality Agreement will control and prevail solely with respect to quality issues, and the terms of this Agreement shall control and prevail for all other matters. This Agreement cannot be amended except by way of an express writing signed by both parties.

12.11 Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon, and the rights and obligations hereof shall apply to, CyDex and Hospira and any successor(s) and permitted assigns. The name of a party appearing herein shall be deemed to include the names of such party’s successors and permitted assigns to the extent necessary to carry out the intent of this Agreement.

12.12 Waiver. The rights of either party under this Agreement may be exercised from time to time, singularly or in combination, and the exercise of one or more such rights shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any one or more of the others. No waiver of any breach of a term, provision or condition of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been made by either party unless such waiver is addressed in writing and signed by an authorized representative of that party. The failure of either party to insist upon the strict performance of any of the terms, provisions or conditions of this Agreement, or to exercise any option contained in this Agreement, shall not be construed as a waiver or relinquishment for the future of any such term, provision, condition or option or the waiver or relinquishment of any other term, provision, condition or option.

12.13 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is determined by a final and binding court or arbitration judgment to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable to any extent, such provision shall not be not affected or impaired up to the limits of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability; the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected or impaired in any way; and the parties agree to negotiate in good faith to replace such invalid, illegal and unenforceable provision (or portion of provision) with a valid, legal and enforceable provision that achieves, to the greatest lawful extent under this Agreement, the economic, business and other purposes of such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision (or portion of provision).

12.14 Assignment. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party; provided, however, that either party may assign this Agreement, in whole or in part, without such consent, to an Affiliate of such party or to any Third Party successor by merger or acquisition or by divestiture or spin-off of substantially all of the business to which this Agreement relates, upon written notice to the other party of any such assignment and, in the case of an assignment to an Affiliate, such party hereby guarantees the performance of any such Affiliate, and, in the case of a Third Party assignment, such Third Party shall assume the obligations of the assigning party under this Agreement. No assignment shall relieve any party of responsibility for the performance of any obligation, which such party may have or incur hereunder.

12.15 Third Party Beneficiaries. The terms and provisions of this Agreement are intended solely for the benefit of each party hereto and their respective Affiliates, related Indemnified Parties (as set forth in Section 9), successors or permitted assigns and it is not the intention of the parties to confer third-party beneficiary rights upon any other person, including without limitation Sublicensees.

12.17 Headings. The descriptive headings of this Agreement are for convenience only, and shall be of no force or effect in construing or interpreting any of the provisions of this Agreement.

12.18 Interpretation. The language used in this Agreement is the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no provision of this Agreement will be interpreted for or against any party because that party or its attorney drafted the provision.

12.19 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original document, but both of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.

KASAN_국제계약서에 통상 들어가는 일반조항 GENERAL PROVISIONS 사례 – 제약회사 신제품 라이선스 및 생산공급 계약서 중 일반조항 샘플.pdf

The International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution (CPR) is a non-profit think tank that combines a decades-old heritage of thought leadership with the innovation of its diverse and collaborative membership to offer the most cutting edge dispute resolution services and resources available.

ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

The parties recognize that bona fide disputes as to certain matters may arise from time to time during the term of this Agreement which relate to either party’s rights and/or obligations. To have such a dispute resolved by this Alternative Dispute Resolution (“ADR”) provision, a party [*].

If the matter has not been resolved within [*], either party may initiate an ADR proceeding as provided herein. The parties shall have the right to be represented by counsel in such a proceeding.

1. To begin an ADR proceeding, a party shall provide written notice to the other party of the issues to be resolved by ADR. Within [*] after its receipt of such notice, the other party may, by written notice to the party initiating the ADR, add additional issues to be resolved within the same ADR.

2. Within [*] days following receipt of the original ADR notice, the parties shall select a mutually acceptable neutral to preside in the resolution of any disputes in this ADR proceeding. If the parties are unable to agree on a mutually acceptable neutral within such period, either party may request the President of the CPR Institute for Dispute Resolution (“CPR”), 366 Madison Avenue, 14th Floor, New York, New York 10017, to select a neutral pursuant to the following procedures:

(a) The CPR shall submit to the parties a list of not less than [*] within [*] after receipt of the request, along with a Curriculum Vita for each candidate. No candidate shall be an employee, director, or shareholder of either party or any of their subsidiaries or Affiliates.

(b) Such list shall include a statement of disclosure by each candidate of any circumstances likely to affect his or her impartiality.

(c) Each party shall number the candidates in order of preference (with the number one (1) signifying the greatest preference) and shall deliver the list to the CPR within [*] following receipt of the list of candidates. If a party believes a conflict of interest exists regarding any of the candidates, that party shall provide a written explanation of the conflict to the CPR along with its list showing its order of preference for the candidates. Any party failing to return a list of preferences on time shall be deemed to have no order of preference.

(d) If the parties collectively have identified fewer than [*] deemed to have conflicts, the CPR immediately shall designate as the neutral the candidate for whom the parties collectively have indicated the greatest preference. If a tie should result between [*], the CPR may designate either candidate by lot. If the parties collectively have identified [*] or more candidates deemed to have conflicts, the CPR shall review the explanations regarding conflicts and, in its sole discretion, may either (i) immediately designate as the neutral the candidate for whom the parties collectively have indicated the greatest preference, or (ii) issue a new list of not less than [*], in which case the procedures set forth in subparagraphs 2(a)-2(d) shall be repeated.

3. No earlier than [*] or later than [*] after selection, the neutral shall hold a hearing to resolve each of the issues identified by the parties. The ADR proceeding shall take place at a location agreed upon by the parties. If the parties cannot agree, the neutral shall designate a location other than the principal place of business of either party or any of their subsidiaries or Affiliates.

4. At least [*] prior to the hearing, each party shall submit the following to the other party and the neutral:

(a) a copy of all exhibits on which such party intends to rely in any oral or written presentation to the neutral;

(b) a list of any witnesses such party intends to call at the hearing, and a short summary of the anticipated testimony of each witness;

(c) a proposed ruling on each issue to be resolved, together with a request for a specific damage award or other remedy for each issue. The proposed rulings and remedies shall not contain any recitation of the facts or any legal arguments and shall not exceed one (1) page per issue.

(d) a brief in support of such party’s proposed rulings and remedies, provided that the brief shall not exceed thirty (30) pages. This page limitation shall apply regardless of the number of issues raised in the ADR proceeding.

Except as expressly set forth in subparagraphs 4(a)-4(d), no discovery shall be required or permitted by any means, including depositions, interrogatories, requests for admissions, or production of documents.

5. The hearing shall be conducted on consecutive days and shall be governed by the following rules:

(a) Each party shall be entitled to [*] of hearing time to present its case. The neutral shall determine whether each party has had the [*] to which it is entitled.

(b) Each party shall be entitled, but not required, to make an opening statement, to present regular and rebuttal testimony, documents or other evidence, to cross-examine witnesses, and to make a closing argument. Cross-examination of witnesses shall occur immediately after their direct testimony, and cross-examination time shall be charged against the party conducting the cross-examination.

(c) The party initiating the ADR shall begin the hearing and, if it chooses to make an opening statement, shall address not only issues it raised but also any issues raised by the responding party. The responding party, if it chooses to make an opening statement, also shall address all issues raised in the ADR. Thereafter, the presentation of regular and rebuttal testimony and documents, other evidence, and closing arguments shall proceed in the same sequence.

(d) Except when testifying, witnesses shall be excluded from the hearing until closing arguments.

(e) Settlement negotiations, including any statements made therein, shall not be admissible under any circumstances. Affidavits prepared for purposes of the ADR hearing also shall not be admissible. As to all other matters, the neutral shall have sole discretion regarding the admissibility of any evidence.

6. Within [*] following completion of the hearing, each party may submit to the other party and the neutral a post-hearing brief in support of its proposed rulings and remedies, provided that such brief shall not contain or discuss any new evidence and shall not exceed thirty (30) pages. This page limitation shall apply regardless of the number of issues raised in the ADR proceeding.

7. The neutral shall rule on each disputed issue within [*] following completion of the hearing. Such ruling shall adopt in its entirety the proposed ruling and remedy of one of the parties on each disputed issue but may adopt one party’s proposed rulings and remedies on some issues and the other party’s proposed rulings and remedies on other issues. The neutral shall not issue any written opinion or otherwise explain the basis of the ruling.

8. The neutral shall be paid [*]:

(a) If the neutral rules in favor of one party on all disputed issues in the ADR, the losing party shall pay [*].

(b) If the neutral rules in favor of one party on some issues and the other party on other issues, the neutral shall issue with the rulings a written determination as to how such fees and expenses shall be allocated between the parties. [*].

9. The rulings of the neutral and the allocation of fees and expenses shall be binding, non-reviewable, and non-appealable, and may be entered as a final judgment in any court having jurisdiction.

10. Except as provided in paragraph 9 or as required by law, the existence of the dispute, any settlement negotiations, the ADR hearing, any submissions (including exhibits, testimony, proposed rulings, and briefs), and the rulings shall be deemed Confidential Information. The neutral shall have the authority to impose sanctions for unauthorized disclosure of Confidential Information.

11. The hearings shall be conducted in the English language.

KASAN_국제계약분쟁 해결방안 ADR, 공식 중재기관의 Arbitration 외 사적 조정방안 - The International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution (CPR) 선택 계약조항 소개.pdf

대법원 2017. 5. 11. 선고 2014두8773 판결

행정법규 위반에 대한 제재조치는 행정목적의 달성을 위하여 행정법규 위반이라는 객관적 사실에 착안하여 가하는 제재이므로, 반드시 현실적인 행위자가 아니라도 법령상 책임자로 규정된 자에게 부과되고, 특별한 사정이 없는 한 위반자에게 고의나 과실이 없더라도 부과할 수 있다.

대법원 2012. 6. 28. 선고 2010두24371 판결

행정법규 위반에 대하여 가하는 제재조치는 행정목적의 달성을 위하여 행정법규 위반이라는 객관적 사실에 착안하여 가하는 제재이므로, 위반자가 그 의무를 알지 못하는 것이 무리가 아니었다고 할 수 있어 그것을 정당시할 수 있는 사정이 있을 때 또는 의무의 이행을 당사자에게 기대하는 것이 무리라고 하는 사정이 있을 때 등 의무 해태를 탓할 수 없는 정당한 사유가 있는 경우 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한 위반자에게 고의나 과실이 없다고 하더라도 부과될 수 있다.

대법원 2014. 12. 24. 선고 2010두6700 판결

행정법규 위반에 대하여 가하는 제재조치는 행정목적의 달성을 위하여 행정법규 위반이라는 객관적 사실에 착안하여 가하는 제재이므로 위반자의 고의·과실이 있어야만 하는 것은 아니나, 그렇다고 하여 위반자의 의무 해태를 탓할 수 없는 정당한 사유가 있는 경우까지 부과할 수 있는 것은 아니다(대법원 1976. 9. 14. 선고 75누255 판결, 대법원 2003. 9. 2. 선고 2002두5177 판결 등 참조).

서울고등법원 2016. 12. 15. 선고 2016누44508 판결

행정법규 위반에 대하여 가하는 제재조치는 행정목적의 달성을 위하여 행정법규 위반이라는 객관적 사실에 착안하여 가하는 제재이므로 반드시 현실적인 행위자가 아니라도 법령상 책임자로 규정된 자에게 부과되고 특별한 사정이 없는 한 위반자에게 고의나 과실이 없더라도 부과할 수 있는 것인바(대법원 2012. 5. 10. 선고 2012두1297 판결 참조), 위 원고들이 내세우는 사유를 위 특별한 사유로 볼 수 없는 점, 행정 제재사유가 있어 제재처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인지는 제재권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 제재권자가 그 재량권의 행사로서 한 제재처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 제재권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법한 것이라 할 것이고, 제재처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었다고 하려면 제재의 원인이 된 위반사실의 내용과 성질, 제재에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적, 제재 양정의 기준 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때에 그 제재 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 할 것이다(대법원 2002. 9. 24. 선고 2002두6620 판결 등 참조).

서울고등법원 2014. 11. 26. 선고 2014누41635 판결

행정법규 위반에 대한 제재조치는 행정목적의 달성을 위해 행정법규 위반이라는 객관적 사실에 착안해서 가하는 제재이므로, 위반자에게 의무 이행을 기대하는 것이 무리인 사정이 있는 등 그 의무 해태를 탓할 수 없는 정당한 사유가 없는 한 위반자에게 고의나 과실이 없더라도 부과될 수 있다(대법원 2012. 6. 28. 선고 2010두24371 판결 등 참조).

KASAN_객관적으로 하자 있는 행정처분은 당사자의 고의, 과실 없는 경우에도 직권취소, 위반행위에 대한 제재처분 가능 – 고의, 과실로 위반 아니라는 주장 영향 없음 but 정당한 사유 있는 경.pdf

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1.    직무발명 당시 사용자 A회사의 책임범위: 원칙적으로 M&A 당시까지 직무발명으로 인해 발생한 사용자 이익 범위로 책임 제한

대법원 2010다26769 판결 - “사용자가 직무발명을 제3자에게 양도한 이후에는 더 이상 그 발명으로 인하여 얻을 이익이 없을 뿐만 아니라, 직무발명의 양수인이 직무발명을 실시함으로써 얻은 이익은 양수인이 처한 우연한 상황에 따라 좌우되는 것이어서 이러한 양수인의 이익액까지 사용자가 지급해야 할 직무발명 보상금의 산정에 참작하는 것은 불합리하므로,

사용자가 직무발명을 양도한 경우에는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그 양도대금을 포함하여 양도시까지 사용자가 얻은 이익액만을 참작하여 양도인인 사용자가 종업원에게 지급해야 할 직무발명 보상금을 산정해야 한다.”

2.    M&A 과정에서 직무발명에 대한 가치평가 후 양도한 경우: 직무발명 특허에 대한 양도대금이 있는 경우에는 통상의 기술이전과 동일하게 평가

그 양도대금이 사용자의 이익에 포함됩니다. M&A라고 해서 달라질 것은 없습니다. 이 쟁점에 관한 위 대법원 판결의 관련 부분을 인용하면 다음과 같습니다. “원고와 피고 사이에 피고가 얻을 이익액을 기준으로 하여 이 사건 발명에 대한 보상금을 산정하기로 하는 별도의 새로운 약정이 있었다는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한, 이 사건 발명으로 인하여 얻은 이익액만을 참작하여 산정한 직무발명 보상금 상당액을 지급할 의무가 있다. 그럼에도 원심은 이 사건 발명의 양수인 피고에게 발생하였거나 발생할 이익액을 참작하여 피고가 원고에게 지급해야 할 이 사건 양도대금의 액수를 산정하고 말았으니, 여기에는 이 사건 권리의 양도대금 산정에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다.”

3.    직무발명을 개별적으로 양수한 B회사의 책임범위: 원칙적으로 통상의 기술이전과 동일하게 직무발명 보상금에 관한 책임 없음

개별적 기술이전과 구별되는 M&A로 양도인의 채권채무를 모두 포괄적으로 승계한 경우라면 직무발명보상금 청구권도 채무로서 일반 승계한 것으로 보아야 합니다. 이와 같은 경우라면 전 사용자 A는 양도 시점까지 범위에서, B회사는 양도 전 범위에서는 A회사와 연대하여, 그 이후 범위에서는 B 단독으로 종업원에게 직무발명 보상금을 지급할 책임이 있다 할 것입니다.

4.    통상적 합병의 경우

상법 제235조(합병의 효과) "합병 후 존속하는 회사 또는 합병으로 설립된 회사는 합병으로 소멸된 회사의 권리의무를 승계한다." 포괄승계를 정한 강행규정입니다.

합병으로 소멸하는 회사의 권리의무는 그 성질상 이전을 허용하지 않는 것을 제외하고 사법상의 관계나 공법상의 관계를 불문하고 모두 법률상 당연히 존속회사 또는 신설회사에 승계됩니다. 설령 당사자 사이 합병계약으로 소멸되는 회사의 채무를 존속회사가 승계하지 않는다는 특약이 있더라도 효력이 없습니다.

합병되어 소멸한 회사 재직 중 직무발명을 완성한 직무발명자는 합병으로 소멸된 회사에 대한 직무발명보상청구권을 갖는데, 그 직무발명보상청구권을 행사하기 전, 또한 소멸시효 완성으로 소멸되기 전에 합병으로 벤처회사가 인수 합변으로 소멸된 경우, 종업원 직무발명자는 합병 후 존속회사 또는 신설회사에 대해 직무발명보상청구권을 행사할 수 있습니다.

5.    M&A 시 직무발명 보상금 쟁점 - 우발적 채무: 반드시 체크할 것

B회사 입장에서는 직무발명 보상금은 예상하지 못한 우발적 채무에 해당할 수 있습니다. 이와 같은 예상하지 못한 채무를 회피하기 위해서는 M&A 과정에서 직무발명에 관한 Due Diligence를 정확하고 철저하게 수행해야 합니다. 현실적으로 전문가에게 관련 업무를 의뢰하여 철저한 Due Diligence를 하는 경우는 거의 없습니다. 만약, M&A대상 기업이 그 핵심 자산이 기술과 IP 중심인 벤처기업이라면 향후 발생할 수 있는 직무발명 보상금으로 인한 우발적 채무의 규모가 심대한 경우도 있을 것입니다. 따라서, 장기적 관점에서 직무발명에 관한 리스크를 철저하게 조사 검토하는 것이 꼭 필요합니다.

KASAN_M&A, 영업양수도 등 소속회사 변경 시 누구에게 직무발명보상청구를 할 수 있는가 -사용자의 직무발명보상금 채무승계 여부 및 지급의무자 변경 여부 대법원 2010. 11. 11. 선고 2010다26769 판.pdf

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