10. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES, AND COVENANTS.

 

10.1 Mutual Representations and Warranties. Licensor and Licensee (each, a “Representing Party”) each hereby represents and warrants to each other, as of the Effective Date and except as otherwise set forth in Schedule 10.2 (in the case of Licensor) and Schedule 10.3 (the case of Licensee), that:

(a) such Representing Party is a corporation or limited liability company, as applicable, duly organized and subsisting under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization;

(b) such Representing Party has the power, authority, and legal right, and is free, to enter into this Agreement on behalf of itself and its Affiliates and to perform its respective obligations hereunder and to cause its Affiliates to perform their respective obligations hereunder;

(c) such Representing Party has the power, authority, and legal right to own and operate its property and assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted and as it is contemplated to be conducted by this Agreement;

(d) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid, and binding obligation of such Representing Party and is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, or other laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditor rights and judicial principles affecting the availability of specific performance and general principles of equity, whether enforceability is considered a proceeding at law or equity;

(e) the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of such Representing Party’s and its Affiliates’ obligations hereunder (i) have been duly authorized and approved by all necessary action by such Representing Party, and all necessary consents, approvals, and authorizations of all Regulatory Authorities and other Third Parties required to be obtained by such Representing Party in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of its obligations hereunder have been obtained; (ii) do not conflict with or violate any requirement of Applicable Laws or any provision of the articles of incorporation, bylaws, limited partnership agreement, or any similar instrument of such Representing Party, as applicable, in any material way; and (iii) do not, and will not, conflict with or otherwise interfere with in such a manner as to result in a violation, breach, or default under or require any consent that has not been obtained under any contract between such Representing Party and any Third Party;

(f) there are no, and shall be no, liens, conveyances, mortgages, assignments, encumbrances, or other agreements that would prevent or impair such Representing Party’s or any of its Affiliates’ full and complete exercise of the terms and conditions of the Agreement;

(g) such Representing Party and its Affiliates shall at all times comply with all Applicable Laws relating or pertaining to their obligations under the Agreement;

(h) with respect to the services provided hereunder to the other Party, its Affiliates, and their respective employees, officers, contractors and agents who perform such services have the experience, capability, and resources to efficiently and skillfully perform the services, and shall perform, where applicable, all such services in a professional and workmanlike manner and in accordance with the generally accepted then-current standards, forms, procedures, and techniques established from time to time by the industry;

(i) all of such Representing Party’s employees, officers, contractors, and consultants have executed agreements requiring assignment to such Representing Party of all inventions created by such persons in the course of their employment by such Representing Party and obligating each such employee, officer, contractor, and consultant to maintain and safeguard the confidentiality of (i) any information that is confidential to such Representing Party or (ii) any information that is confidential to any other Person and that such Representing Party is obligated to maintain and safeguard as confidential; and

(j) neither such Representing Party, nor any of its employees, officers, subcontractors, or consultants who have rendered or will render services relating to the Product: (i) has ever been debarred or is subject or debarment or convicted of a crime for which an entity or person could be debarred under 21 U.S.C. Section 335a or (ii) has ever been under indictment for a crime for which a person or entity could be debarred under said Section 335a.

 

10.2 Additional Representations, Warranties, and Covenants of Licensor. Licensor hereby represents, warrants, and covenants to Licensee, as of the Effective Date and except as otherwise set forth in Schedule 10.2, that:

(a) Licensor is entitled to grant the rights and licenses purported to be granted to Licensee under this Agreement, and to assign the rights purported to be assigned to Licensee under this Agreement, and is not currently bound by any agreement with any Third Party, or by any outstanding order, judgment, or decree of any court or administrative agency, that restricts it from granting to Licensee the rights, licenses and sublicenses purported to be so granted in this Agreement;

(b) Licensor is the sole and exclusive owner of all right, title, and interest, in, to, and under the Licensed Rights and has the right under the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights to grant the sublicenses thereunder in accordance with Section 2.2;

(c) the Licensed Rights are free and clear of any liens, charges, encumbrances, or judgments, and Licensor has sufficient rights to grant the licenses and rights purported to be granted herein, free and clear of any security interests, claims, encumbrances, or charges of any kind;

(d) Licensor has not granted, and will not grant during the term of this Agreement, any right, option, license, or interest in or to any of the Licensed Rights that is in conflict with the rights assigned or granted to Licensee under this Agreement;

(e) there is no legal, administrative, arbitration, or other proceeding, suit, claim, or action of any nature, judgment, decree, decision, injunction, writ, or order pending, or to Licensor’s knowledge threatened by, against or involving Licensor, regarding the Licensed Rights, whether at law or in equity, before or by any Third Party, and Licensor has not received any written communications alleging that it has violated, through the manufacture, Development, import, or other exploitation of the Product, any intellectual property rights of any Third Party;

(f) to Licensor’s knowledge:

(i) the patents in the issued Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights, and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights are valid and enforceable; and

(ii) no Third Party has asserted that any of the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights is invalid or unenforceable;

(g) all applications, registrations, maintenance and renewal fees due in respect of any of the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights and, to Licensor’s knowledge, the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights and the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights, have been paid and all documents and certificates required to be filed with the relevant agencies for the purpose of maintaining such Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, and to Licensor’s knowledge, the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights and Licensed CPEX Patent Rights have been filed;

(h) none of the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the Licensed Serenity Know-How and, to Licensor’s knowledge, none of the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights were developed with funding from any Governmental Authority such that any Governmental Authority has any march in rights or other rights to use the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the License Serenity Know-How, the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights, or the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights;

(i) to Licensor’s knowledge, no Third Party has infringed or misappropriated any of the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights;

(j) all inventors of any inventions included within the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights and, to the knowledge of Licensor, the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights have assigned their entire right, title, and interest in and to such inventions and the corresponding patents and patent applications to Licensor, Reprise, or CPEX, as applicable, and have been listed as inventors in the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights, and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights, as applicable;

(k) no agreements that Licensor or its Affiliates may have with any Third Party provide such Third Party with any rights of first offer, rights of first refusal, or any other rights to make, have made, use, conduct Clinical Studies for, sell, offer for sale, have sold, import, export, or otherwise Exploit the Product in the Field in the Territory or the right to use the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights in connection with the Exploitation of the Product in the Field in the Territory; and Licensor has received no notice from a Third Party of any suit, action, proceeding, or arbitration pending or threatened against it that the proposed terms and conditions of this Agreement, and the Parties’ performance in accordance therewith, do or shall conflict or interfere with in a manner resulting in a breach or default under, or other violation of, any agreements that Licensor or its Affiliates may have with any Third Party;

to Licensor’s knowledge,

(i) each of the CPEX License Agreement and the Reprise License Agreement is valid and enforceable in accordance with its terms, is in full force and effect, and there are no approvals or consents required to make it effective, (ii) Licensor has supplied Licensee with a true and correct copy of the CPEX License Agreement and the Reprise License Agreement , together with all amendments, waivers, or other changes thereto, (iii) Licensor has performed all material obligations required to be performed by it in connection with the CPEX License Agreement and the Reprise License Agreement, (iv) Licensor shall not materially breach and is not in material breach of the CPEX License Agreement or the Reprise License Agreement, (v) Licensor is not in receipt of any claim of default, cure notice, or show cause notice under the CPEX License Agreement or the Reprise License Agreement, and (vi) there is no current material breach or anticipated material breach by any other party to the CPEX License Agreement or the Reprise License Agreement;

(m) (i) Licensor is the named sponsor of the First Approved NDA for the Product; and (ii) with respect to all Regulatory Documentation to obtain Regulatory Approvals for the Product in the Field: (A) the data, information and/or all other documents in Licensor’s or its Affiliates submissions were, are and shall be free from fraud or material falsity, and neither Licensor nor its Affiliates has made any material misrepresentation or omission in connection with such data; (B) the Regulatory Approvals have not been and will not be obtained either through bribery or the payment of illegal gratuities by Licensor; (C) the data, information and/or all other documents in Licensor’s or its Affiliates’ submissions are, were and shall be accurate and reliable for purposes of supporting approval of the submissions; and (D) the Regulatory Approvals shall be obtained without illegal or unethical behavior of any kind by Licensor or its Affiliates; provided that Licensor shall not be deemed to be in breach of this Section 10.2(m) if the violation of this Section 10.2(m) results from the action or omission of Licensee of Licensee’s Affiliates, Sublicensees, or contractors (other than Licensor);

(n) Licensor believes in good faith, based on the information set forth in Schedule 10.2(n), that FDA will consider amending or supplementing the First Approved NDA (or the related IND) in the manner described in Schedule 10.2(n); provided, however, that Licensor cannot assure that FDA will approve such amendment or supplement.

(o) except as expressly permitted hereunder, Licensor agrees not to, and agrees to cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees not to (i) assign, transfer, convey or otherwise encumber any right, title or interest in or to the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or any Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, (ii) grant in any manner any license or other right, title or interest in or to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, or (iii) agree to or otherwise become bound by any covenant not to sue for any infringement, misuse or other action or inaction with respect to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product; and

(p) other than the CPEX License Agreement, the Reprise License Agreement, the Renaissance Supply Agreements, and the other Third Party Supply Agreements, Licensor and/or its Affiliates have not entered into any agreements with any Third Party, pursuant to which any Third Party has granted to Licensor, or Licensor has granted to any Third Party, any rights to licenses to, in or under any of the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights or other intellectual property rights that relate to the Product, or relating to the manufacture of the Product.

 

10.3 Additional Representations, Warranties, and Covenants of Licensee. Licensee hereby represents, warrants, and covenants to Licensor, as of the Effective Date and except as otherwise stated in Schedule 10.3, that:

(a) if, during the term of this Agreement Licensee has reason to believe that it or any of its employees, officers, subcontractors, or consultants rendering services relating to the Product: (i) is or will be debarred or convicted of a crime under 21 U.S.C. Section 335a, or (ii) is or will be under indictment under said Section 335a, then Licensee shall immediately notify Licensor in writing;

(b) as of the Effective Date, there is no legal, administrative, arbitration, or other proceeding, suit, claim, or action of any nature, judgment, decree, decision, injunction, writ, or order pending or, to the knowledge of Licensee’s senior management, threatened by, against Licensee regarding this Agreement, whether at law or in equity, before or by any Third Party; and Licensee shall provide notice of any of the foregoing to the extent it affects Licensee’s performance of its obligations under this Agreement;

(c) except for information provided by Licensor, its Affiliates or Sublicensees: (i) the data and information in Licensee’s submissions and modifications of Regulatory Documentation relating to the Product shall be free from fraud or material falsity; (ii) Regulatory Approvals for the Product hereafter obtained will not be obtained either through bribery or the payment of illegal gratuities by Licensee; (iii) the data and information in Licensee’s submissions and modifications of any Regulatory Documentation shall be accurate and reliable; and (iv) any such the Regulatory Approvals will be obtained without illegal or unethical behavior of any kind by Licensee; provided that Licensee shall not be deemed to be in breach of this Section 10.3(c) if the violation of this Section 10.3(c) results from the action or omission of Licensor or its Affiliates, Sublicensees (other than Licensee), or contractors; and

(d) except as expressly permitted hereunder, Licensee agrees not to, and agrees to cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees not to (i) assign, transfer, convey or otherwise encumber any right, title or interest in or to the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or any Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, (ii) grant in any manner any license or other right, title or interest in or to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, (iii) agree to or otherwise become bound by any covenant not to sue for any infringement, misuse or other action or inaction with respect to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, or (iv) bring any action or proceeding or otherwise assert any claim under any Applicable Law in the event any licensee (or sublicensee or any entity or person acting on its behalf) initiates any proceeding or otherwise assert any claim in any court, administrative agency, or other forum with jurisdiction over such proceeding or claim, that any of the Licensed Rights or Sublicensed Rights are invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed, violated, or misappropriated. In the event that Licensee or any Affiliate or Sublicensee of Licensee initiates any proceeding or otherwise asserts any claim in violation of clause (iv) of this Section 10.3, and the result thereof is a final decision, ruling, holding, award, or other disposition to the effect that any of the Licensed Rights or Sublicensed Rights are valid, enforceable, or infringed, violated, or misappropriated, then each of the royalty rates set forth in the table in Section 8.3(a) will each be increased by [*] and the party initiating such proceeding or otherwise asserting such claim shall pay the attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by Licensor in defending against such proceeding or claim.

 

10.4 Inaccuracies. Without limiting either Party’s rights and remedies at law, in equity or under this Agreement, if, at any point in time (not just at the times when the warranties are deemed granted), either Party becomes aware of any inaccuracies in the foregoing warranties and representations, such Party shall promptly notify the other Party of such inaccuracies, with a detailed written explanation.

 

KASAN_제약분야 기술이전 및 독점라이선스 계약서 중에서 진술보증 조항 REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVEANTS – 권리진술 및 독점권 보장의무 등 상세한 내용을 매우 구체적으로 기재하는 방식의 .pdf

 

[질문 또는 상담신청 입력하기]

 

 

작성일시 : 2019. 5. 13. 13:00
:

 

1. 진술 및 보증조항 관련 분쟁

정유회사의 M&A 주식양수도계약서에서 '양도인은 양수인에게 주식양수도계약 체결일 및 양수도 실행일에 일체의 행정법규를 위반한 사실이 없고, 이와 관련하여 행정기관으로부터 조사를 받고 있거나 협의를 진행하는 것은 없다는 내용의 진술 및 보증조항, 나아가 '양수도 실행일 이후 보증 위반사항이 발견된 경우나 약속사항 위반으로 손해가 발생할 경우 500억원을 초과하지 않는 범위 내에서 배상하기로 한다'는 책임조항이 포함되어 있었습니다.

 

그런데, 양도인 회사는 군용유류 구매입찰에서 담합행위 등 공정거래법을 위반했다는 이유로 거액의 과징금 납부명령을 받았고 거액의 손해배상청구소송까지 제기 받았습니다. 이에 양수인이 진술 및 보증조항 위반을 이유로 책임조항을 적용하여 양도인에 대한 손해배상청구 소송을 제기하였습니다.

 

2. 항소심 서울고등법원 200819678 판결

항소심 법원은 양수인도 진술 및 보증위반 사항을 알면서도 계약을 체결했다는 이유로 양도인의 책임을 인정하지 않았습니다. 판결문 중 핵심부분을 인용하면 다음과 같습니다. "양수인도 이 사건 담합행위에 직접 참여했던 탓에 주식양수도계약 체결 당시에 이미 이 사건 진술 및 보증 조항의 위반사실을 알고 있었고, 계약협상 및 가격산정에 반영할 수 있었음에도 방치하였다가 이후 위반사실이 존재한다는 사정을 들어 양도인 피고에게 책임을 묻는 것은 공평의 이념 및 신의칙상 허용될 수 없으므로, 양도인 피고는 위와 같은 악의의 주식양수인인 원고에 대하여 이 사건 진술 및 보증 조항의 위반에 따른 책임을 부담하지 않는다."

 

3. 대법원 201264253 판결

원심판결을 파기 환송하였습니다. "이 사건 주식양수도계약의 양수도 실행일 이후에 이 사건 진술 및 보증 조항의 위반사항이 발견되고 그로 인하여 손해가 발생하면, 원고가 그 위반사항을 계약체결 당시 알았는지 여부와 관계없이, 피고들이 원고에게 그 위반사항과 상당인과관계 있는 손해를 배상하기로 하는 합의를 한 것으로 봄이 상당하다.

 

양수인 원고가 이 사건 진술 및 보증조항과 관련된 이 사건 담합행위를 알고 있었고 이 사건 담합행위로 인한 공정거래위원회의 제재 가능성 등을 이 사건 주식양수도대금 산정에 반영할 기회를 가지고 있었다고 하더라도 그러한 점만으로 원고의 손해배상청구가 공평의 이념 및 신의칙에 반한다고 볼 수 없다."

 

4. 실무적 함의

대법원 판결은 계약서 문언이 가장 중요하다는 원칙을 다시 한번 확인하였습니다. 비록 계약체결 당시 당사자가 진술 및 보증 조항의 위반사실을 알고 있었다고 해도 계약서 효력을 함부로 부정할 수 없다고 명확하게 판결하였습니다.

 

처분문서인 계약서의 계약문언이 그 객관적 의미가 명확하다면 특별한 사정이 없는 한 문언대로의 의사표시의 존재와 내용을 인정하여야 합니다. 설령 공평의 이념이나 신의칙을 적용해야 할 사정이 있다고 하더라도, 이과 같은 일반원칙에 근거하여 계약의 효력을 부정하거나 계약상 책임을 제한하는 것은 사적 자치의 원칙이나 법적 안정성에 대한 중대한 위협이 될 수 있으므로 신중을 기하여 극히 예외적으로 인정하여야 한다는 입장입니다.

 

, 무엇보다 계약서 문언을 가장 중시하고 신의칙이나 공평이념 등을 아주 예외적으로 극히 신중하게 적용하라는 취지입니다. 가능성을 완전히 배제하는 것은 아니지만 현실적으로 실제 사례에서 그와 같은 특별한 경우는 인정되기 어렵다는 의미입니다.

 

5. 진술 및 보증 조항 위반과 손해배상책임 범위: 대법원 2018. 7. 20. 선고 2015207044 판결

(1) M&A 계약에서 진술 및 보증 조항을 둔 목적은, 계약 종결과 이행 이후 진술 및 보증하였던 내용과 다른 사실이 발견되어 일방 당사자에게 손해가 발생한 경우에 상대방에게 그 손해를 배상하게 함으로써, 불확실한 상황에 관한 경제적 위험을 배분하고 사후에 현실화된 손해를 감안하여 매매대금을 조정할 수 있게 하기 위한 것이다.

 

(2) M&A 대상회사에 대한 소송이나 분쟁의 존재는 우발채무에 따른 손실로 이어질 가능성이 있어 진술 및 보증의 대상으로 삼는 것이다.

 

(3) 매도인이 대상회사에 대한 소송이나 분쟁을 고지하지 않았고 이후 대상회사에 실제로 우발채무가 발생한 경우 언제나 그 전부가 손해배상의 범위에 포함된다고 볼 수는 없다. 3자가 대상회사를 상대로 터무니없는 소송을 제기하였음에도 매도인이 이를 알리지 않은 상태에서 M&A 계약이 종결, 이행되었는데, 매도인에게 책임을 물을 수 있으므로 매수인으로서는 실질적 피해가 없다는 이유로 대상회사로 하여금 별다른 다툼 없이 거액의 합의금을 지급하도록 하는 경우와 같이, 매도인에게 과도한 책임을 지우는 결과를 초래할 수 있기 때문이다.

 

(4) 그러나 소송 또는 분쟁으로부터 직접 그리고 자연스럽게 도출되거나 합리적으로 예상가능한 범위의 손해에 관하여는 매도인이 그에 관한 배상책임을 부담하여야 한다.

 

(5) 매수인이 거래 종결 후 대상회사 주식을 매각하는 경우 대부분 매수인은 후속 매수인에게 진술 및 보증을 하고 그 위반으로 인한 책임을 부담하게 된다.

 

(6) 만약 매도인의 진술 및 보증 조항 위반으로 매수인의 주식 매각 이후 대상회사에 손실이 발생하고, 그로 인해 매수인이 새로운 매수인에 대하여 책임을 부담하게 되었음에도, 매수인이 주식을 매각하여 주주의 지위에 있지 않다는 이유로 당초의 매도인에게 책임을 물을 수 없는 결과에 이른다면 경제적 위험의 적정한 배분이라는 진술 및 보증 조항의 목적에 반하게 된다.

 

(7) 따라서 당사자들 사이에 특별한 합의가 없다면 매수인이 대상회사의 주식을 처분하더라도 손해배상청구 및 액수 산정에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는다.

 

KASAN_진술보증 조항 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 관련 분쟁 - M&A 계약서 중 진술 및 보증조항 위반 및 손해배상책임 범위.pdf

 

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작성일시 : 2019. 5. 13. 11:30
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