(4)쟁점 – 강행법규 위반으로 무효인 법률행위(부동산 처분)을 다시 위반자 스스로 무효를 주장하는 것이 가능한지 여부, 신의성실의 원칙에 위배되어 허용될 수 없는지 여부
(5)판결 – 의료법인 스스로 무효주장 배척
2.대법원 판결요지 – 강행법규 우선 원칙적으로 허용 BUT 예외적 불허
강행규정을 위반한 법률행위를 한 사람이 스스로 그 무효를 주장하는 것이 신의칙에 위배되는 권리의 행사라는 이유로 이를 배척한다면 강행규정의 입법취지를 몰각시키는 결과가 되므로 그러한 주장은 신의칙에 위배된다고 볼 수 없음이 원칙이다.
다만 신의칙을 적용하기 위한 일반적인 요건을 갖추고 강행규정성에도 불구하고 신의칙을 우선하여 적용할 만한 특별한 사정이 있는 예외적인 경우에는 강행규정을 위반한 법률행위의 무효를 주장하는 것이 신의칙에 위배될 수 있다(대법원 2005. 9. 30. 선고 2003다63937 판결 참조).
민법 제2조 제1항은 신의성실의 원칙(이하 ‘신의칙’이라 한다)에 관하여 “권리의 행사와 의무의 이행은 신의에 좇아 성실히 하여야 한다.”라고 정하고 있다. 신의칙에 반한다는 이유로 권리의 행사를 부정하기 위해서는 상대방에게 신뢰를 제공하였다거나 객관적으로 보아 상대방이 신뢰를 하는 데 정당한 상태에 있어야 하고, 이러한 상대방의 신뢰에 반하여 권리를 행사하는 것이 정의관념에 비추어 용인될 수 없는 정도의 상태에 이르러야 한다(대법원 2003. 4. 22. 선고 2003다2390, 2406 판결, 대법원 2021. 6. 10. 선고 2017다52712 판결 참조).
잔금 지급 시까지 문제가 발생하여 피해가 발생할 경우 이 사건 계약을 해제하고, 원인제공자는 계약상대방에게 이에 상응하는 손해배상금조로 매매대금의 10%의 해약금을 지급하기로 한다.
2. 쟁점
계약은 약정해제권 또는 법정해제권을 일방적으로 행사하여 해제된 것이 아니라 당사자의 합의로 해제되었다. 계약의 합의해제 경우에도 계약서상의 위 해약금 조항이 적용되어 채무불이행에 따른 손해배상청구를 할 수 있는지 여부
3. 서울고등법원 적용 가능 판결 BUT 대법원 판결 - 적용 원칙적 불가
4. 대법원 판결 이유
계약이 합의에 따라 해제되거나 해지된 경우에는 상대방에게 손해배상을 하기로 특약하거나 손해배상 청구를 유보하는 의사표시를 하는 등 다른 사정이 없는 한 채무불이행으로 인한 손해배상을 청구할 수 없다(대법원 1989. 4. 25. 선고 86다카1147, 1148 판결 참조).
그와 같은 손해배상의 특약이 있었다거나 손해배상 청구를 유보하였다는 점은 이를 주장하는 당사자가 증명할 책임이 있다(대법원 2013. 11. 28. 선고 2013다8755 판결 참조).
채무불이행에 따른 손해배상청구를 하기 위해서는 합의해제에도 불구하고 상대방에게 손해배상을 하기로 특약을 하거나 손해배상의 청구를 유보하는 등의 특별한 사정이 있다는 것을 증명하여야 한다.
특약이나 의사표시가 있었는지는 합의해제 해지 당시를 기준으로 판단하여야 한다.
원래의 계약에 있는 위약금이나 손해배상에 관한 약정은 그것이 계약 내용이나 당사자의 의사표시 등에 비추어 합의해제 해지의 경우에도 적용된다고 볼 만한 특별한 사정이 없는 한 합의해제 해지의 경우에까지 적용되지는 않는다.
부품, 원료의 품질하자로 인한 완제품 관련 손해는 2차손해, 확대손해, 간접손해로서 특별손해에 해당합니다. 부품, 원료의 하자로 인해 그 이후 단계의 2차손해, 확대손해, 간접손해를 거래의 직접 당사자인 완제품 매도인(부품 또는 원료의 매수인)이 배상한 후 그 손해를 다시 원인제공자인 부품회사 또는 원료회사에게 부담시킬 수 있는지, 그 범위는 어떻게 되는지 등은 실무상 매우 어려운 쟁점입니다.
대법원 1997. 5. 7. 선고 96다39455 판결은 부품하자로 완제품 불량이 발생하여 최종 소비자에게 확대손해가 발생한 사안입니다. 위 판결도 쟁점에 관한 정확한 판단기준을 제시한 것은 아니고, 그 이후에도 판결이 거의 없기 때문에 현재 명확한 법리나 판단기준을 제시한 판결은 없습니다. 따라서 여러가지 부족한 점이 있지만 위 대법원 판결을 기준으로 판단할 수 밖에 없습니다. 위 판결요지와 민법학자의 평석을 소개하면 다음과 같습니다.
1. 대법원 판결 사안의 개요
농기계 제조회사(B)는 부품회사(A)로부터 비닐하우스 난방용 난로에 사용되는 고무링 부품을 1개를 1천원에 사서 완제품 난로를 만들어 소비자 농부(C)에게 100만원(부품가격의 1천배)에 판매했습니다. 소비자 농부는 비닐하우스 난방에 구매한 난로를 사용하였는데 강추위 중 난로가 고장나는 바람에 비닐하우스의 농작물이 얼어 죽어 1천만원(부품가격의 1만배)의 피해를 입었습니다. 조사결과 난로고장의 원인은 고무링이 강추위에 견디지 못한 품질결함에 있었습니다.
정리하면 1천원짜리 부품의 품질하자로 완제품인 1백만원(부품값의 1천배) 난로에 고장을 일으키고, 그 난로 작동불능으로 1천만원(부품값의 1만배)에 해당하는 농작물 피해가 발생한 것입니다. 실제 사안에서는 B사는 고무링 부품을 8백개 구매하였고 다수의 난로를 생산 판매하였고, 그 결과 농작물 피해를 입은 농부 또는 다수인데다 그 피해금액이 더 많은 경우도 있었습니다.
2. 쟁점 – 손해배상책임의 범위
난로 제조판매회사(B)는 소비자 농부들(C)에게 손해배상을 한 후 그 난로불량의 원인이 고무링 품질하자로 보고 원인 제공자인 부품회사(A)에게 그 농작물 손해액 전부를 청구하였습니다.
이와 같은 상황에서 고무링 부품 하자로 완제품 매수인에게 발생한 손해 중 부품회사의 배상책임범위는 어디까지 볼 것인가, 그 손해액은 거래대상인 고무링 부품의 매도가인지, 그것이 사용되어 완성된 완제품 매도가(부품가의 1천배)인지, 완제품의 매수인에게 발생한 농작물 피해(부품가의 1만배)인지 여부가 쟁점입니다.
3. 대법원 판결요지 - 2차손해에 대한 채무불이행 책임 – 법리적 판단
대법원은 하자로 인한 확대손해 내지 2차손해에 대한 매도인의 배상책임의 요건은 「매도인이 채무의 내용으로 된 하자없는 목적물을 인도하지 못한 의무위반 사실」과 「그러한 의무위반에 대한 귀책사유」라고 판시하였습니다.
구체적 사안에서 대법원은 다양한 부품 중 강추위에 견딜 수 있는 부품을 선택할 책임이 난로회사에 있다고 보고 다양한 부품을 생산 판매하는 부품 회사에게 귀책사유가 있다고 보기 어렵다는 이유로 소비자 농부들에게 발생한 2차 손해에 대한 배상책임을 지울 수 없다고 판결하였습니다.
민법학자들은 위 대법원 판결을 「확대손해는 하자담보책임으로는 물을 수 없고 채무불이행책임으로만 물을 수 있다」는 취지를 피력한 것이라고 해석된다고 평가하였습니다.
4. 대법원 판결에 대한 민법학자의 평석 및 학설 소개
위와 같은 상황에서 부품회사 또는 원료회사에 대해 귀책사유를 요건으로 하는 채무불이행책임만을 물을 수 있고, 무과실책임인 하자담보책임을 물을 수 없다는 견해(책임분리론)과 구별할 필요 없이 채무불이행책임 또는 하자담보책임을 모두 물을 수 있다는 견해가 있습니다.
위 대법원 판결은 부품회사의 귀책사유가 없다면 손해배상책임을 지울 수 없다는 취지입니다. 판매한 부품값의 1만배에 달하는 거액의 손해가 발생한 경우에도 그 전액을 부품 판매자에게 부담해야 한다는 주장을 배척한 결론입니다. 부품 회사에 과도한 손해배상책임을 지우는 것이 이론적 논의를 떠나서 형평에 어긋나는 것은 아닌가라는 우려가 감안한 것 같습니다.
위와 같은 책임분리론, 대법원 판결의 입장과 다른 견해를 밝힌 민법학자 이은영 교수의 판례 평석을 참고로 소개하면 다음과 같습니다. 판결과 다른 입장에 따르면, 1만배의 손해가 발생한 경우라도 그 원인을 제공한 부품회사에게 그 전액에 대한 손해배상책임을 물을 수 있다는 입장입니다.
책임분리에 관한 학설: 민법에 담보책임의 배상범위를 제한하는 규정이 없음에도 고전적 책임분리론에 따라 담보책임을 축소하는 것은 옳지 않다. 어차피 중요한 것은 「하자」의 인정이므로 실제 결과는 담보책임이든 채무불이행이든 책임성립상 차이가 없게 된다.
제581조 종류매매를 직접 언급하는 이론은 없고 제580조의 특정물매매에 관해서만 이론이 전개되고 있다. 부정설은 2차손해(부가적 손해)는 제580조의 규정에 의하여 구제될 수는 없으며 귀책사유를 요건으로 하는 채무불이행책임에 의하여 해결될 수 있을 뿐이라고 주장한다.
긍정설은 민법의 담보책임규정에 손해배상청구권이 발생함만 정하고 있고 배상범위에 관하여는 언급이 없으므로 배상범위는 일반원칙(제393조)에 의한다는 뜻으로 해석한다. 따라서 하자로 인한 2차손해, 확대손해, 하자결과손해 등도 담보책임의 범위안에서 해결될 수 있다고 본다.
긍정설에서 하자로 인한 2차손해가 담보책임에 의해서 배상될 수 있다는 근거는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리 민법에는 담보책임의 손해배상범위를 제한하는 규정이 없다. 둘째, 담보책임을 본질적으로 채무불이행책임을 가진 것으로 이해한다면 구태여 배상범위를 제한할 이유가 없다.
셋째, 근래 독일에서는 담보책임과 채무불이행책임을 통합하여 일원화해야 한다는 입법의견이 강하다. 그리고 독일민법의 해석론으로서도 부정설과 긍정설이 대립하고 있다. 원래 담보책임과 채무불이행책임의 배상범위를 구별하려는 법리는 독일의 양책임구분의 이원적 사고에서 기인하는데 현재에는 적절치 못한 것으로 평가되고 있다.
넷째, 채무불이행책임으로 처리하더라도 물건의 인도채무에서 채무자의 의무위반 및 귀책사유는 실제로 중요하지 않다. 하자가 있는가 없는가라는 사실이 중요할 뿐이다. 현재 과학기술로 개선책이 없는 경우를 하자라고 인정할 수는 없을 것이다. 대법원판결에서도 「하자존재의 판단」에서 모든 사정을 고려했는데, 그것은 이러한 법리를 반영한 것이다.
다섯째, 손해배상청구권을 발생시키는 하자에 「1차손해만 배상하는 하자」와 「2차손해까지 배상하는 하자」의 두 종류가 있다고 보는 것은 타당하지 않다. 부정설을 취하면 이 두 종류의 하자를 구분할 수 밖에 없을 것이다.
10.1 Mutual Representations and Warranties. Licensor and Licensee (each, a “Representing Party”) each hereby represents and warrants to each other, as of the Effective Date and except as otherwise set forth in Schedule 10.2 (in the case of Licensor) and Schedule 10.3 (the case of Licensee), that:
(a) such Representing Party is a corporation or limited liability company, as applicable, duly organized and subsisting under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization;
(b) such Representing Party has the power, authority, and legal right, and is free, to enter into this Agreement on behalf of itself and its Affiliates and to perform its respective obligations hereunder and to cause its Affiliates to perform their respective obligations hereunder;
(c) such Representing Party has the power, authority, and legal right to own and operate its property and assets and to carry on its business as it is now being conducted and as it is contemplated to be conducted by this Agreement;
(d) this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid, and binding obligation of such Representing Party and is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, subject to the effects of bankruptcy, insolvency, or other laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditor rights and judicial principles affecting the availability of specific performance and general principles of equity, whether enforceability is considered a proceeding at law or equity;
(e) the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of such Representing Party’s and its Affiliates’ obligations hereunder (i) have been duly authorized and approved by all necessary action by such Representing Party, and all necessary consents, approvals, and authorizations of all Regulatory Authorities and other Third Parties required to be obtained by such Representing Party in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the performance of its obligations hereunder have been obtained; (ii) do not conflict with or violate any requirement of Applicable Laws or any provision of the articles of incorporation, bylaws, limited partnership agreement, or any similar instrument of such Representing Party, as applicable, in any material way; and (iii) do not, and will not, conflict with or otherwise interfere with in such a manner as to result in a violation, breach, or default under or require any consent that has not been obtained under any contract between such Representing Party and any Third Party;
(f) there are no, and shall be no, liens, conveyances, mortgages, assignments, encumbrances, or other agreements that would prevent or impair such Representing Party’s or any of its Affiliates’ full and complete exercise of the terms and conditions of the Agreement;
(g) such Representing Party and its Affiliates shall at all times comply with all Applicable Laws relating or pertaining to their obligations under the Agreement;
(h) with respect to the services provided hereunder to the other Party, its Affiliates, and their respective employees, officers, contractors and agents who perform such services have the experience, capability, and resources to efficiently and skillfully perform the services, and shall perform, where applicable, all such services in a professional and workmanlike manner and in accordance with the generally accepted then-current standards, forms, procedures, and techniques established from time to time by the industry;
(i) all of such Representing Party’s employees, officers, contractors, and consultants have executed agreements requiring assignment to such Representing Party of all inventions created by such persons in the course of their employment by such Representing Party and obligating each such employee, officer, contractor, and consultant to maintain and safeguard the confidentiality of (i) any information that is confidential to such Representing Party or (ii) any information that is confidential to any other Person and that such Representing Party is obligated to maintain and safeguard as confidential; and
(j) neither such Representing Party, nor any of its employees, officers, subcontractors, or consultants who have rendered or will render services relating to the Product: (i) has ever been debarred or is subject or debarment or convicted of a crime for which an entity or person could be debarred under 21 U.S.C. Section 335a or (ii) has ever been under indictment for a crime for which a person or entity could be debarred under said Section 335a.
10.2 Additional Representations, Warranties, and Covenants of Licensor. Licensor hereby represents, warrants, and covenants to Licensee, as of the Effective Date and except as otherwise set forth in Schedule 10.2, that:
(a) Licensor is entitled to grant the rights and licenses purported to be granted to Licensee under this Agreement, and to assign the rights purported to be assigned to Licensee under this Agreement, and is not currently bound by any agreement with any Third Party, or by any outstanding order, judgment, or decree of any court or administrative agency, that restricts it from granting to Licensee the rights, licenses and sublicenses purported to be so granted in this Agreement;
(b) Licensor is the sole and exclusive owner of all right, title, and interest, in, to, and under the Licensed Rights and has the right under the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights to grant the sublicenses thereunder in accordance with Section 2.2;
(c) the Licensed Rights are free and clear of any liens, charges, encumbrances, or judgments, and Licensor has sufficient rights to grant the licenses and rights purported to be granted herein, free and clear of any security interests, claims, encumbrances, or charges of any kind;
(d) Licensor has not granted, and will not grant during the term of this Agreement, any right, option, license, or interest in or to any of the Licensed Rights that is in conflict with the rights assigned or granted to Licensee under this Agreement;
(e) there is no legal, administrative, arbitration, or other proceeding, suit, claim, or action of any nature, judgment, decree, decision, injunction, writ, or order pending, or to Licensor’s knowledge threatened by, against or involving Licensor, regarding the Licensed Rights, whether at law or in equity, before or by any Third Party, and Licensor has not received any written communications alleging that it has violated, through the manufacture, Development, import, or other exploitation of the Product, any intellectual property rights of any Third Party;
(f) to Licensor’s knowledge:
(i) the patents in the issued Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights, and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights are valid and enforceable; and
(ii) no Third Party has asserted that any of the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights is invalid or unenforceable;
(g) all applications, registrations, maintenance and renewal fees due in respect of any of the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights and, to Licensor’s knowledge, the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights and the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights, have been paid and all documents and certificates required to be filed with the relevant agencies for the purpose of maintaining such Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, and to Licensor’s knowledge, the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights and Licensed CPEX Patent Rights have been filed;
(h) none of the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the Licensed Serenity Know-How and, to Licensor’s knowledge, none of the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights were developed with funding from any Governmental Authority such that any Governmental Authority has any march in rights or other rights to use the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the License Serenity Know-How, the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights, or the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights;
(i) to Licensor’s knowledge, no Third Party has infringed or misappropriated any of the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights;
(j) all inventors of any inventions included within the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights and, to the knowledge of Licensor, the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights have assigned their entire right, title, and interest in and to such inventions and the corresponding patents and patent applications to Licensor, Reprise, or CPEX, as applicable, and have been listed as inventors in the Licensed Serenity Patent Rights, the Licensed CPEX Patent Rights, and the Licensed Reprise Patent Rights, as applicable;
(k) no agreements that Licensor or its Affiliates may have with any Third Party provide such Third Party with any rights of first offer, rights of first refusal, or any other rights to make, have made, use, conduct Clinical Studies for, sell, offer for sale, have sold, import, export, or otherwise Exploit the Product in the Field in the Territory or the right to use the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights in connection with the Exploitation of the Product in the Field in the Territory; and Licensor has received no notice from a Third Party of any suit, action, proceeding, or arbitration pending or threatened against it that the proposed terms and conditions of this Agreement, and the Parties’ performance in accordance therewith, do or shall conflict or interfere with in a manner resulting in a breach or default under, or other violation of, any agreements that Licensor or its Affiliates may have with any Third Party;
to Licensor’s knowledge, (i) each of the CPEX License Agreement and the Reprise License Agreement is valid and enforceable in accordance with its terms, is in full force and effect, and there are no approvals or consents required to make it effective, (ii) Licensor has supplied Licensee with a true and correct copy of the CPEX License Agreement and the Reprise License Agreement , together with all amendments, waivers, or other changes thereto, (iii) Licensor has performed all material obligations required to be performed by it in connection with the CPEX License Agreement and the Reprise License Agreement, (iv) Licensor shall not materially breach and is not in material breach of the CPEX License Agreement or the Reprise License Agreement, (v) Licensor is not in receipt of any claim of default, cure notice, or show cause notice under the CPEX License Agreement or the Reprise License Agreement, and (vi) there is no current material breach or anticipated material breach by any other party to the CPEX License Agreement or the Reprise License Agreement;
(m)
(i) Licensor is the named sponsor of the First Approved NDA for the Product; and (ii) with respect to all Regulatory Documentation to obtain Regulatory Approvals for the Product in the Field: (A) the data, information and/or all other documents in Licensor’s or its Affiliates submissions were, are and shall be free from fraud or material falsity, and neither Licensor nor its Affiliates has made any material misrepresentation or omission in connection with such data; (B) the Regulatory Approvals have not been and will not be obtained either through bribery or the payment of illegal gratuities by Licensor; (C) the data, information and/or all other documents in Licensor’s or its Affiliates’ submissions are, were and shall be accurate and reliable for purposes of supporting approval of the submissions; and (D) the Regulatory Approvals shall be obtained without illegal or unethical behavior of any kind by Licensor or its Affiliates; provided that Licensor shall not be deemed to be in breach of this Section 10.2(m) if the violation of this Section 10.2(m) results from the action or omission of Licensee of Licensee’s Affiliates, Sublicensees, or contractors (other than Licensor);
(n) Licensor believes in good faith, based on the information set forth in Schedule 10.2(n), that FDA will consider amending or supplementing the First Approved NDA (or the related IND) in the manner described in Schedule 10.2(n); provided, however, that Licensor cannot assure that FDA will approve such amendment or supplement.
(o) except as expressly permitted hereunder, Licensor agrees not to, and agrees to cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees not to (i) assign, transfer, convey or otherwise encumber any right, title or interest in or to the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or any Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, (ii) grant in any manner any license or other right, title or interest in or to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, or (iii) agree to or otherwise become bound by any covenant not to sue for any infringement, misuse or other action or inaction with respect to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product; and
(p) other than the CPEX License Agreement, the Reprise License Agreement, the Renaissance Supply Agreements, and the other Third Party Supply Agreements, Licensor and/or its Affiliates have not entered into any agreements with any Third Party, pursuant to which any Third Party has granted to Licensor, or Licensor has granted to any Third Party, any rights to licenses to, in or under any of the Licensed Rights or the Sublicensed Rights or other intellectual property rights that relate to the Product, or relating to the manufacture of the Product.
10.3 Additional Representations, Warranties, and Covenants of Licensee. Licensee hereby represents, warrants, and covenants to Licensor, as of the Effective Date and except as otherwise stated in Schedule 10.3, that:
(a) if, during the term of this Agreement Licensee has reason to believe that it or any of its employees, officers, subcontractors, or consultants rendering services relating to the Product: (i) is or will be debarred or convicted of a crime under 21 U.S.C. Section 335a, or (ii) is or will be under indictment under said Section 335a, then Licensee shall immediately notify Licensor in writing;
(b) as of the Effective Date, there is no legal, administrative, arbitration, or other proceeding, suit, claim, or action of any nature, judgment, decree, decision, injunction, writ, or order pending or, to the knowledge of Licensee’s senior management, threatened by, against Licensee regarding this Agreement, whether at law or in equity, before or by any Third Party; and Licensee shall provide notice of any of the foregoing to the extent it affects Licensee’s performance of its obligations under this Agreement;
(c) except for information provided by Licensor, its Affiliates or Sublicensees: (i) the data and information in Licensee’s submissions and modifications of Regulatory Documentation relating to the Product shall be free from fraud or material falsity; (ii) Regulatory Approvals for the Product hereafter obtained will not be obtained either through bribery or the payment of illegal gratuities by Licensee; (iii) the data and information in Licensee’s submissions and modifications of any Regulatory Documentation shall be accurate and reliable; and (iv) any such the Regulatory Approvals will be obtained without illegal or unethical behavior of any kind by Licensee; provided that Licensee shall not be deemed to be in breach of this Section 10.3(c) if the violation of this Section 10.3(c) results from the action or omission of Licensor or its Affiliates, Sublicensees (other than Licensee), or contractors; and
(d) except as expressly permitted hereunder, Licensee agrees not to, and agrees to cause its Affiliates and Sublicensees not to (i) assign, transfer, convey or otherwise encumber any right, title or interest in or to the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or any Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, (ii) grant in any manner any license or other right, title or interest in or to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, (iii) agree to or otherwise become bound by any covenant not to sue for any infringement, misuse or other action or inaction with respect to any of the Licensed Rights, the Sublicensed Rights, or the Regulatory Approvals and Documentation in respect of the Product, or (iv) bring any action or proceeding or otherwise assert any claim under any Applicable Law in the event any licensee (or sublicensee or any entity or person acting on its behalf) initiates any proceeding or otherwise assert any claim in any court, administrative agency, or other forum with jurisdiction over such proceeding or claim, that any of the Licensed Rights or Sublicensed Rights are invalid, unenforceable, or not infringed, violated, or misappropriated. In the event that Licensee or any Affiliate or Sublicensee of Licensee initiates any proceeding or otherwise asserts any claim in violation of clause (iv) of this Section 10.3, and the result thereof is a final decision, ruling, holding, award, or other disposition to the effect that any of the Licensed Rights or Sublicensed Rights are valid, enforceable, or infringed, violated, or misappropriated, then each of the royalty rates set forth in the table in Section 8.3(a) will each be increased by [***] and the party initiating such proceeding or otherwise asserting such claim shall pay the attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by Licensor in defending against such proceeding or claim.
10.4 Inaccuracies. Without limiting either Party’s rights and remedies at law, in equity or under this Agreement, if, at any point in time (not just at the times when the warranties are deemed granted), either Party becomes aware of any inaccuracies in the foregoing warranties and representations, such Party shall promptly notify the other Party of such inaccuracies, with a detailed written explanation.
