-- 바이오마커, 진단방법, 치료방법 등 바이오, 의약분야 특허대상 적격 판단 examples - USPTO 2016. 5. 6. 공표 Guidelines --
Example 29
“Jilitis”라는 가상 질병과 이에 대한 마커로서 가상의 단백질인 “JUL-1”을 이용한 가상의 특허청구항을 가정하고, 특허대상 적격성을 설명하고 있습니다.
[배경기술 등 참고사항]
1. 특허출원 전에 돼지의 항체(porcine antibody)를 가축의 치료제로 사용하는 것은 대부분의 과학자들에게 일반적이었지만, 인간 단백질(JUL-1)을 검출하기 위해 사용하는 것은 일상적이거나 전통적이지(routinely or conventionally) 않았습니다.
2. 특허출원 전에 julitis 치료를 위해 TNF 항체를 사용했습니다. 하지만 julitis 치료를 위해 vitamin D를 사용하는 것은 일반적이거나 일상적이지 않았습니다.
Claim Example
1. A method of detecting JUL-1 in a patient, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a plasma sample from a human patient; and
b. detecting whether JUL-1 is present in the plasma sample by contacting the plasma sample with an anti-JUL-1 antibody and detecting binding between JUL-1 and the antibody.
- 그 방법이 매우 일반적인 내용을 포함하고 있는 경우에도 새롭게 동정된 단백질 마커를 검출하는 방법은 특허대상 적격성 인정 – 특허 유효
2. A method of diagnosing julitis in a patient, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a plasma sample from a human patient;
b. detecting whether JUL-1 is present in the plasma sample by contacting the plasma sample with an anti-JUL-1 antibody and detecting binding between JUL-1 and the antibody; and
c. diagnosing the patient with julitis when the presence of JUL-1 in the plasma sample is detected.
- 그 검출 단계가 매우 일반적인 경우 새롭게 동정된 단백질 마커를 검출하는 방법에 의해 질병을 진단하는 방법은 특허대상 적격성 불인정 – 등록거절 및 특허무효
3. A method of diagnosing julitis in a patient, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a plasma sample from a human patient;
b. detecting whether JUL-1 is present in the plasma sample by contacting the plasma sample with a porcine anti-JUL-1 antibody and detecting binding between JUL-1 and the porcine antibody; and
c. diagnosing the patient with julitis when the presence of JUL-1 in the plasma sample is detected.
4. A method of diagnosing julitis in a patient, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a plasma sample from a human patient;
b. detecting whether JUL-1 is present in the plasma sample by contacting the plasma sample with antibody mAb-D33 and detecting binding between JUL-1 and antibody mAb-D33; and
c. diagnosing the patient with julitis when the presence of JUL-1 in the plasma sample is detected.
- 그 검출 단계가 매우 일반적인 경우에도 신규하거나 최소한 “잘 알려져 있지 않고, 일상적이거나 전통적이지 않은” 물질을 이용하는 경우에는 새롭게 동정된 단백질 마커를 검출하는 방법에 의해 질병을 진단하는 방법은 특허대상 적격성 인정 {Claim 3, Claim 4} – 특허유효
5. A method of diagnosing and treating julitis in a patient, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a plasma sample from a human patient;
b. detecting whether JUL-1 is present in the plasma sample;
c. diagnosing the patient with julitis when the presence of JUL-1 in the plasma sample is detected; and
d. administering an effective amount of topical vitamin D to the diagnosed patient.
6. A method of diagnosing and treating julitis in a patient, said method comprising:
a. obtaining a plasma sample from a human patient;
b. detecting whether JUL-1 is present in the plasma sample;
c. diagnosing the patient with julitis when the presence of JUL-1 in the plasma sample is detected; and
d. administering an effective amount of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies to the diagnosed patient.
- 그 검출 단계가 매우 일반적이고 치료방법이 전통적인 경우에도 새롭게 동정된 단백질 마커를 검출하는 것을 포함하는 개인 맟춤형(personalized medicine) 진단 및 치료방법은 특허대상 적격성 인정 {Claim 5, Claim 6} – 특허유효
7. A method of treating a patient with julitis, the method comprising administering an effective amount of anti-TNF antibodies to a patient suffering from julitis.
- 질병을 치료하는 방법은 특허대상 적격성 인정 {Claim 7} – 특허유효
Example 31 - Myriad의 U.S. Patent 5,753,441를 이용한 예시입니다. 1항은 실제 청구항(CAFC에서 무효판단)이고, 70, 75, 80, 85항은 가상의 청구항입니다.
[이해를 위한 참고사항]
1. scanning near-field optical microscopy를 이용하여 DNA hybridization을 검출하는 것은 특허출원 당시 일반적인 방법이 아니었음.
2. Cool-Melt PCR(가상의 기술임)은 특허출원 당시 일반적인 기술이 아니었음.
Claims
1. A method for screening germline of a human subject for an alteration of a BRCA1 gene which comprises comparing germline sequence of a BRCA1 gene or BRCA1 RNA from a tissue sample from said subject or a sequence of BRCA1 cDNA made from mRNA from said sample with germline sequences of wild-type BRCA1 gene, wild-type BRCA1 RNA or wild-type BRCA1 cDNA, wherein a difference in the sequence of the BRCA1 gene, BRCA1 RNA or BRCA1 cDNA of the subject from wild-type indicates an alteration in the BRCA1 gene in said subject.
70. The method of claim 1, wherein said comparing BRCA1 sequences further comprises:
hybridizing a wild-type probe to a BRCA1 gene isolated from said sample; and
detecting the presence of a hybridization product by measuring conformational changes in the probe that are indicative of hybridization to the BRCA1 gene with scanning near-field optical microscopy.
75. A method for hybridizing BRCA1 sequences comprising:
hybridizing a wild-type probe to a BRCA1 gene isolated from a tissue sample from a human subject; and detecting the presence of a hybridization product by measuring conformational changes in the probe that are indicative of hybridization to the BRCA1 gene with scanning near-field optical microscopy.
80. The method of claim 1, wherein said comparing BRCA1 sequences further comprises:
amplifying by Cool-Melt PCR all or part of a BRCA1 gene from said sample using a set of primers to produce amplified nucleic acids; and sequencing the amplified nucleic acids.
85. A method for amplifying BRCA1 sequences comprising:
amplifying by Cool-Melt PCR all or part of a BRCA1 gene from a tissue sample from a human subject using a set of primers to produce amplified nucleic acids; and sequencing the amplified nucleic acids.
[특허대상 적격성 판단]
- 서열을 “비교(comparing)”하는 것에 기초한 스크리닝 방법은 그 비교가 매우 일반적인경우(예컨대, 일반적인 정신적인 프로세스로 여겨질 수 있는) 특허대상 적격성 불인정 {Claim 1} – 특허무효
- 스크리닝 방법이 “잘 알려져 있지 않고, 일상적이거나 전통적이지 않은” 기술을 이용하는 경우 특허대상 적격성 인정 {Claim 70, Claim 75, Claim 80, Claim 85} – 특허유효
첨부: USPTO 공표자료
USPTO_2016_May.pdf
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